Tom Gruber (2010). Big Think Small Screen: How semantic computing in the cloud will revolutionize the consumer experience on the phone. Keynote presentation at Web 3.0 conference, January 27, 2010.
Tom Gruber. (2009) Tom Gruber. Siri: A Virtual Personal Assistant. Keynote presentation at Semantic Technologies conference (SemTech09), June 16, 2009.
Tom Gruber. (2008) Tom Gruber. Intelligence at the Interface: Semantic Technology and the Consumer Internet Experience. Presentation at Semantic Technologies conference (SemTech08), May 20, 2008.
Tom Gruber. (2008) Despite our Best Efforts, Ontologies are not the Hard Part. Presentation at AAAI Spring Symposium, March 2008.
Edward Feigenbaum, Thomas Gruber, Will Snow (2007). Computer-assisted Semantic Annotation of Scientific Life Works. Describes a new research project for semantic annotation – the semantic equivalent of OCR – to be conducted at Stanford in the domain of digital life work archives.
Tom Gruber (2008), Ontology. Entry in the Encyclopedia of Database Systems, Ling Liu and M. Tamer Özsu (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, to appear in 2008. Provides a definition of ontology as a technical term for computer science, tracing its historical context from philosophy and AI.
Thomas Gruber (2007). Collective Knowledge Systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web. Journal of Web Semantics, 2007. Proposes a class of applications called Collective Knowledge Systems, which are the “killer apps” for the integration of the Social Web (2.0) and the Semantic Web. Characteristics of these systems, principles, and examples from real applications are included.
Tom Gruber (2007). Cobblies: Mashups of the Future. Presentation to the European GeoInformatics Workshop, Edinburgh University, March 9, 2007. Offers a vision of a framework for semantically enabled compositional applications called cobblies, the new mashups, based on geospatial data and the semantic web.
Tom Gruber (2007). Ontologies, Web 2.0 and Beyond. Presentation to Ontolog Ontology Summit, April 24, 2007.
Tom Gruber (2007). Grande Challenges for Ontology Design (or is it Vente?). Presentation to Ontolog, March 1, 2007.
Tom Gruber. Where the Social Web Meets the Semantic Web. Keynote presentation at ISWC, The 5th International Semantic Web Conference, November 7, 2006
Thomas Gruber (2006). Avoiding the Travesty of the Commons. Presentation at NPUC 2006, New Paradigms for User Computing, IBM Almaden Research Center, July 24, 2006. ./writing/avoiding-travesty.htm Presents ways to avoid the failure of user-contributed social web sites, including techniques for integrating structured and unstructured data.
Thomas Gruber (2005). Ontology of Folksonomy: A Mash-up of Apples and Oranges. Int’l Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems, 3(2), 2007. Originally published in 2005, this is a rebuttal to a popular anti-ontology blog, with a constructive call to action.
Thomas Gruber (2005). TagOntology – a way to agree on the semantics of tagging data. Presentation to Tag Camp, http://www.tagcamp.org/, October 29, 2005. Published on ./writing/tagontology-tagcamp-talk.pdf
Thomas Gruber (2004). Every Ontology is a Treaty. Interview for Semantic Web and Information Systems SIG of the Association for Information Systems. SIGSEMIS Bulletin, Volumer 1, Issue 3. October, 2004.
Interview with a Semantic Web organization in which I argue that ontologies are designed in a social context.
Thomas Gruber (2003). Helping Organizations Collaborate, Communicate, and Learn. Presentation to NASA Ames Research Center, March 2003.
Describes why collaboration is an inherent problem for organizational intelligence, and how technology such as Intraspect can help.
Thomas Gruber (2003). It Is What It Does: The Pragmatics of Ontology. Invited presentation to the meeting of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model committee, Smithsonian Museum, Washington, D.C., March 26, 2003.
This is an ISO standards body creating an ontology for sharing the world’s cultural materials such as museum and library collections.
Thomas Gruber (2001). 2021: Mass Collaboration and the Really New Economy. In TNTY Futures, Volume 1, Issue 6, http://www.tnty.com/newsletter/futures/archive/v01-05business.html.
Speculation about political and economic changes due to Internet-based information transparency
Thomas Gruber (2001). Enterprise Collaboration Management with Intraspect. A Technical Overview White Paper, July 2001.
Slightly marketing-ized, but accurate description of the product in 2001.
Tom Gruber (2001). What the Bible “Really” says About Sex: A New Look at Sexual Ethics from a Biblical Perspective. Trafford Publishing, 2001.
Just kidding. This is another Tom Gruber.
Thomas Gruber (2000). The Pragmatics of Ontology as Language, Contract, and Content. Keynote address to the Third Annual Bio-Ontologies Meeting (Bio-Ontologies 2000), San Diego, CA, August 24, 2000.
Another for-real ontology creation group.
Thomas Gruber (1998). The Intraspect Knowledge Management Solution: Technical Overview.
Our first technical whitepaper, describing the Intraspect vision and how it was implemented.
James Rice, Adam Farquhar, Phillippe Piernot, and Thomas Gruber (1995). Using the Web as an Application Interface. CHI ’96 Proceedings: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 13-18, 1996, pp. 103-110, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Pushes the “virtual document as interface” metaphor to the extreme, for that time in the Web’s evolution.
Thomas Gruber, Sunil Vemuri, and James Rice (1995). Model-Based Virtual Document Generation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 46 , Issue 6 (June 1997). Special issue: innovative applications of the World Wide Web. ISSN:1071-5819.
Describes the use of the web as a medium for virtual documents that generate natural language explanations of how things work.
Thomas R. Gruber (1995). Collaborating around Shared Content on the WWW. Presented at the W3C Workshop on WWW and Collaboration, Cambridge, MA, Sept 11, 1995.
Presentation at a W3C-sponsored workshop where many of the early web collaboration people demonstrated their work.
James Rice, Adam Farquhar, Thomas Gruber, and Phillippe Piernot. Designing Interactive Applications for the Web. Presentation to BayCHI, the San Francisco Bay Area Chapter of the ACM SIGCHI, November 14, 1995.
A great opportunity to show our colleagues the power of the web as a medium for dynamic UIs.
Thomas R. Gruber , A. B. Tenenbaum, and Jay M. Tenenbaum. (1994). NIKE: A National Infrastructure for Knowledge Exchange. Enterprise Integration Technologies, Menlo Park, CA, 94025.
A widely circulated white paper proposing a web- and market-based infrastructure for collaborative, knowledge-based learning and work.
Peter D. Karp and Thomas R. Gruber (1995). A Generic Knowledge-base Access Protocol. Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, 1995.
An ontology-based knowledge sharing API for AI people.
Greg Olsen, Mark Cutkosky, Jay M. Tenenbaum, and Thomas R. Gruber (1994). Collaborative engineering based on knowledge-sharing agreements. American Society for Mechanical Engineering (ASME) International Computers in Engineering conference, 1994.
Won Best Paper award.
Thomas R. Gruber, Greg R. Olsen, J. Runkel (1994). The configuration design ontologies and the VT elevator domain theory. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. Volume 44 , Issue 3-4 March/April 1996.
One of the first journal articles presenting domain ontologies as a research contribution.
Thomas R. Gruber and Greg R. Olsen. (1994). An ontology for engineering mathematics. In J. Doyle, P. Torasso, and E. Sandewall (Eds.), Fourth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Gustav Stresemann Institut, Bonn, Germany, Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
Possibly the first refereed publication of an AI ontology, explicitly called out as an ontology.
Thomas R. Gruber (1993). Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. Originally in N. Guarino and R. Poli, (Eds.), International Workshop on Formal Ontology, Padova, Italy. Revised August 1993. Published in International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Volume 43 , Issue 5-6 Nov./Dec. 1995, Pages: 907-928, special issue on the role of formal ontology in the information technology.
One of the first attempts at a software development methology for ontologies.
Thomas R. Gruber (1993). A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications. Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2), 1993, pp. 199-220.
This is the official Ontolingua paper, containing the fabled definition of ontology as specification.
James G. McGuire, Daniel R. Kuokka, Jay C. Weber, Jay M. Tenenbaum, Thomas R. Gruber, and Greg R. Olsen. (1993). SHADE: Technology for knowledge-based collaborative engineering.Journal of Concurrent Engineering: Applications and Research (CERA), 1(2), 1993.
Patrice O. Gautier and Thomas R. Gruber (1993). Generating Explanations of Device Behavior Using Compositional Modeling and Causal Ordering. Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D.C., AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1993.
Thomas R. Gruber and Patrice O. Gautier. (1993). Machine-generated explanations of engineering models: A compositional modeling approach. Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Chambery, France, pages 1502-1508, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.
Mark Cutkosky, Robert S. Engelmore, Richard E. Fikes, Thomas R. Gruber, Michael R. Genesereth, William S. Mark, Jay M. Tenenbaum, and Jay C. Weber. (1993). PACT: An experiment in integrating concurrent engineering systems. IEEE Computer, 26(1), 1993, pp. 28-37.
PACT is the Palo Alto Collaboration Testbed.
Thomas R. Gruber (1993). Model formulation as a problem-solving task: computer-assisted engineering modeling. In Knowledge Acquisition as Modeling, 1993, pp. 105-127, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY, USA . ISBN:0-471-59368-0.
Thomas R. Gruber (1993). IEEE Expert, 6(4): 65-75, August 1991.
Thomas R. Gruber and Daniel M Russell. (1992). Generative design rationale: Beyond the record and replay paradigm. In T. Moran and J. H. Carroll (Eds.), Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995, pp. 323 – 349. ISBN:0-8058-1567-8.
Originally written in 1992, on the web in 1993, in print in 1995!
Thomas R. Gruber, Jay M. Tenenbaum, and Jay C. Weber. (1992). Toward a knowledge medium for collaborative product development. In John S. Gero (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Design ’92: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
Robert Neches, Richard Fikes, Tim Finin, Thomas Gruber, Ramesh Patil, Ted Senator, and William R. Swartout (1991). Enabling technology for knowledge sharing. AI Magazine, 12(3):16-36, 1991.
Public overview of the DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort. Historically interesting given what has happened since with XML.
Thomas R. Gruber (1991). Interactive Acquisition of Justifications: Learning “Why” by Being Told “What.” IEEE Expert, 6(4): 65-75, August 1991.
Thomas R. Gruber (1989). The Acquisition of Strategic Knowledge. San Diego: Academic press, 1989. ISBN:0-12-304754-4. The PhD thesis turned into a book.
Thomas R. Gruber (1989). Automated Knowledge Acquisition for Strategic Knowledge. Machine Learning, Volume 4 , Issue 3-4 (December 1989), pp. 293 – 336.
Thomas R. Gruber (1989). A Method for Acquiring Strategic Knowledge. Knowledge Acquisition, Volume 1 , Issue 3 (September 1989), pp. 255-277.
Thomas R. Gruber (1988). Acquiring Strategic Knowledge from Experts. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Volume 29 , Issue 5 (November 1988), pp. 579-597. Reprinted in The Foundations of Knowledge Acquisition, 1990, pp. 115-133, Academic Press, ISBN:0-12-115922-1.
Thomas R. Gruber and Paul R. Cohen (1987). Design for Acquisition: Principles of Knowledge-system Design to Facilitate Knowledge Acquisition. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Volume 26 , Issue 2 (February 1987), pp 143-159. Early attempt at a software engineering methodology for knowledge acquisition.